Economy-wide

In 2023, Kerala emitted 25.64 MtCO₂e, 8.6% higher compared to the 2005 emissions of 23.60 MtCO₂e. Throughout the reference period, the Energy Sector dominated the emission spectrum in the state.

Gross emissions, i.e. emissions excluding LULUCF, recorded a sharp fall of 12% in 2020 relative to the previous year and increased by ~2% in 2021 due to covid slump.

Net emissions (including LULUCF) peaked in 2019 at 22.58 MtCO₂e due to a decline in the carbon sink, attributed to relatively lesser increase in forest cover. In 2020, net emissions decreased to 7.21 MtCO₂e due to an increase in the carbon sink and a reduction in fuel use. Post 2020, emissions increased due to higher energy use in the post-COVID-19 period, reaching 11.03 MtCO₂e in 2023, despite the carbon sink remaining unchanged.